Villa Celimontana
Discover Villa Celimontana: A Historical Park in Rome’s Heart with Rich Archaeological Heritage and Cultural Events
Location:
Via della Navicella, Piazza SS. Giovanni e Paolo
Built by:
Ciriaco Mattei in 1580
What to see:
Palazzina Mattei, Obelisk of Ramesses II, Basilica Hilariana
Opening hours:
Freely accessible (7.00 to sunset)
Transport:
Bus 81, 673. Metro station: Colosseo (B)
Villa Celimontana is a historic public park located on the western summit of the Celio Hill in Rome. Its origins date back to the 16th century when the area was transformed from a vineyard owned by the Paluzzelli family into a villa by Ciriaco Mattei. The villa’s landscape underwent significant changes, notably in 1858 under the direction of the French architect Pierre Charles L’Enfant, and later in 1870 with Richard von Hoffmann‘s neogothic interventions. The villa is renowned for its rich collection of art and its historical significance, nestled amidst the city’s ancient monuments and archaeological sites.
The park is home to numerous artifacts from various eras, including the Egyptian obelisk of Ramesses II, which stands as a testament to its storied past. The Palazzetto Mattei, designed by Jacopo Del Duca, serves as the headquarters of the Italian Geographical Society. Villa Celimontana offers a serene environment for visitors, with its tree-lined avenues and historical remnants that tell the tale of Rome’s illustrious history. Open to the public since 1928, the villa continues to be a cultural and recreational hub, hosting events such as jazz festivals and classical music performances.
Villa Celimontana, nestled on the southern slopes of the Celio Hill, presents a harmonious blend of historical architecture and serene natural landscapes. Visitors to the villa can explore a rich tapestry of architectural marvels and artistic elements, each narrating a story of its own. The villa, though not as expansive as other Roman villas like Villa Borghese, offers a unique charm with its historical edifices, lush gardens, and notable monuments. Tourists can enjoy leisurely walks amidst the villa’s verdant pathways, discover the remnants of ancient structures, and admire the artistic relics that adorn the area.
Among the highlights are the Palazzina Mattei, a significant architectural structure, and the Obelisco Matteiano, an ancient Egyptian obelisk with intriguing legends attached to it. The villa also houses several fountains, some attributed to the renowned artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, although many have not survived the passage of time. The villa’s strategic location provides easy access to other historical landmarks in Rome, making it an ideal starting point for a broader exploration of the city’s rich cultural heritage.
The Palazzina Mattei stands as a testament to the architectural prowess of Jacopo Del Duca, a disciple of Michelangelo. This building, which now serves as the headquarters for the Italian Geographical Society, is a central feature of Villa Celimontana. The palazzina’s design is characterized by its quadrangular layout and the presence of two low lateral wings that extend from the main structure. Originally, the building was likely a single-story edifice, adorned with a portico and a Doric frieze, elements that can still be observed today.
The building’s elevated position is supported by ancient Flavian walls, visible on its southern side, adding a layer of historical depth to its architectural narrative. The palazzina not only serves as a functional space for the society but also as a point of interest for visitors who can appreciate its historical significance and architectural elegance. Its presence in the villa underscores the blend of cultural and historical elements that define Villa Celimontana.
The Obelisco Matteiano is a prominent feature within Villa Celimontana, offering both historical intrigue and artistic allure. Originally from the Temple of the Sun in Heliopolis, this ancient Egyptian obelisk was brought to Rome and eventually found its home in the villa. The obelisk, known colloquially as the “spiedino,” is steeped in legend. One such tale recounts a tragic accident during its relocation, where the breaking of ropes led to a worker losing his arms, which are said to remain beneath the obelisk’s base to this day.
This monument, with its hieroglyphs bearing the name of Ramesses II, serves as a reminder of the cultural exchanges between ancient civilizations. Its presence in the villa adds a layer of exoticism and historical depth, attracting visitors interested in both its architectural significance and the stories that surround it. The obelisk’s relocation history and the legends attached to it make it a compelling point of interest for those exploring Villa Celimontana.
Villa Celimontana’s gardens are adorned with several fountains, some of which are attributed to the illustrious Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Although many of these fountains have not survived, their historical presence is a testament to the villa’s past grandeur. Among the surviving fountains are the Fontana delle Palme and the Fontana della Conchiglia, each offering a glimpse into the artistic endeavors that once flourished here. These fountains, though modest in comparison to Bernini’s more famous works, contribute to the villa’s serene and picturesque ambiance.
The gardens themselves are a verdant oasis, providing a tranquil escape from the bustling city. Visitors can stroll along tree-lined paths, enjoying the natural beauty and the historical artifacts scattered throughout the grounds. The gardens are not only a place of relaxation but also a living museum, where each element tells a story of the villa’s rich and varied history. The combination of natural and artistic elements makes Villa Celimontana a unique destination for those seeking both beauty and history.
Scattered throughout Villa Celimontana are remnants of its ancient past, including the remains of the Basilica Hilariana and other archaeological finds. These elements offer a window into the villa’s historical significance, with some structures dating back to the Flavian and Trajanic periods. The basilica, constructed by Manius Publicius Hilarus, is particularly notable for its intricate mosaics, which have been partially preserved and offer insight into the artistic practices of the time.
In addition to its physical remnants, Villa Celimontana is rich in legends and stories that add an air of mystery to its historical narrative. From the tales surrounding the obelisk to the villa’s role in the Visita delle Sette Chiese, these stories enhance the visitor experience, providing a deeper connection to the villa’s past. The combination of tangible history and intangible lore makes Villa Celimontana a compelling destination for those interested in exploring the layers of Rome’s cultural heritage.
Villa Celimontana, a splendid public park in Rome, has a rich history that spans several centuries. Originally a vineyard owned by the Paluzzelli family in the early 16th century, it was transformed into a magnificent villa by the Mattei family. Over the years, the villa has witnessed numerous changes in ownership and architectural modifications, reflecting the varied historical and cultural influences of its time.
The villa’s strategic location on the Celio Hill has made it a significant site, surrounded by important archaeological and cultural landmarks. Its evolution from a private estate to a public park is a testament to the dynamic history of Rome itself, showcasing the city’s ability to preserve its heritage while adapting to modern needs.
In 1553, Giacomo Mattei acquired the vineyard from the Paluzzelli family for 1000 scudi d’oro. Under the vision of his descendant, Ciriaco Mattei, the vineyard was transformed into a villa in 1580. Ciriaco commissioned the renowned architect Giacomo Del Duca, a disciple of Michelangelo, to design the villa and its gardens. This transformation included the creation of a stunning collection of art and the installation of the Obelisco Matteiano, a notable Egyptian obelisk.
The Mattei family was instrumental in shaping the villa’s landscape, calling upon prominent artists such as Gian Lorenzo Bernini to design exquisite fountains. The villa became known for its artistic and architectural beauty, attracting visitors and enhancing the cultural fabric of Rome. However, the family’s ownership ended in 1802, marking the beginning of a new chapter in the villa’s history.
After the Mattei family, the villa changed hands multiple times, reflecting the political and social upheavals of the 19th century. Notable owners included Marianne of Orange-Nassau and Richard von Hoffmann, a Bavarian baron. During this period, the villa experienced significant alterations, including the relocation of the obelisk in 1817 and the addition of new architectural elements.
Following World War I, the villa was confiscated by the Italian state as enemy property. In 1926, it was donated to the city of Rome, marking its transition from a private estate to a public park. This transformation was part of a broader effort to preserve Rome’s cultural heritage while making it accessible to the public.
Since becoming a public park, Villa Celimontana has been a cherished green space for Romans and visitors alike. The villa’s gardens have been meticulously maintained, offering a serene escape amidst the bustling city. The Palazzetto Mattei now houses the Società Geografica Italiana, continuing the villa’s legacy as a center of learning and culture.
Today, Villa Celimontana hosts various cultural events, including jazz festivals and classical music performances, further enriching Rome’s vibrant cultural scene. Its historical significance and natural beauty make it a must-visit destination for those exploring the rich tapestry of Rome’s history and heritage.
Villa Celimontana, a serene public park in the heart of Rome, is accessible to visitors who wish to explore its historical and natural beauty. The villa is located on the southern side of the Colle Celio, offering a peaceful retreat amidst the bustling city. Visitors can enter through the main gates on Via della Navicella and Piazza SS. Giovanni e Paolo, both of which provide a welcoming entry point into the lush gardens and historical grounds.
The villa is open to the public without the need for a ticket, allowing for a leisurely exploration of its pathways and historical landmarks. As a public park, it provides an ideal setting for both locals and tourists to enjoy a day out, surrounded by the rich history of Rome.
Once inside, visitors can wander through the well-maintained gardens, taking in the picturesque landscapes and the remnants of ancient Roman architecture. The Palazzina Mattei, a notable architectural feature, stands as a testament to the villa’s rich history, now housing the Società Geografica Italiana. This building, along with other historical structures, offers insight into the villa’s past and its transformation over the centuries.
In addition to its historical buildings, Villa Celimontana is adorned with various statues and fountains, some of which have been attributed to renowned artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini. Although not all original features have survived, the villa still retains its charm and provides a glimpse into its illustrious past.
Villa Celimontana’s strategic location makes it an excellent starting point for exploring nearby historical sites. Visitors can easily reach significant landmarks such as the Colosseo, San Giovanni in Laterano, and the Terme di Caracalla, all within walking distance. This proximity allows for a comprehensive cultural itinerary, combining the tranquility of the villa with the grandeur of Rome’s ancient monuments.
For those planning to visit, it is advisable to wear comfortable footwear, as the villa’s pathways can be uneven in places. Additionally, while the villa itself provides ample shade and seating areas, visitors may wish to bring refreshments, especially during warmer months, to fully enjoy their time exploring the grounds.
Villa Celimontana: your opinions and comments
Have you visited this monument? What does it mean to you? What advice would you give to a tourist?
Tours
11 €
95 €
3 h 10 m
53 €
3 h
58 €
1 h
