A chronology of Rome: monuments, sites, churches, the emperors and the popes
A chronology of Rome: the dates of the most important sites, artworks and churches, including emperors, artists and popes
| Date | Ruler / Emperor / Pope |
Monument / Event |
| 753 BC | Romulus, the first king of Rome | The date of the mythical foundation of Rome |
| c. 716 – 616 BC | Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius and Ancus Marcius | The Latin and Sabine kings of Rome |
| c. 616 – 509 BC | Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus | The three Etruscan kings of Rome |
| 6th century BC | Under Tarquinius Priscus the Circus Maximus becomes a site for games and horse races between the Palatine and Aventine hills. | |
| 509 BC | Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) is expelled from Rome, ending the period of the kings and starting the Roman Republic | |
| 44 BC | Julius Caesar of the Gens Giulia | Caesar is assassinated in the theatre of Pompey |
| 31 BC | The Circus Maximus is damaged by fire | |
| 27 BC – 14 AD | The 40 year reign of Augustus | The Julio-Claudian dynasty begins |
| 9 AD | The Ara Pacis Augustae is built | |
| 14 – 37 AD | The reign of Tiberius | |
| 27/25 AD | Pantheon | Construction of the first Pantheon by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa |
| 37 – 41 AD | The reign of Caligula | |
| 41 – 54 AD | The reign of Claudius | |
| 54 – 68 AD | The reign of Nero | The Julio-Claudian dynasty ends |
| 64 AD | A fire destroys central Rome, creating space for Nero’s palace, known as the “Golden House” | |
| 64-68 AD | Zenodorus makes the bronze Colossus of Nero statue for the entrance to Nero’s “Golden House” | |
| 68 – 69 AD | Galba, Otone, Vitellius | The “year of the 4 emperors (a period of civil war) |
| 69 – 79 AD | The reign of Vespasian | The Flavian dynasty begins |
| 70/71 AD | The construction of the Colosseum begins | |
| 79 – 81 AD | The reign of Titus | The Colosseum is inaugurated in 80 AD |
| 80 AD | A fire destroys many buildings in the Campus Martius | |
| 81 – 96 AD | The reign of Domitian | Work on the Colosseum is completed in 81 AD |
| 86 AD | The Stadium of Domitian (now Piazza Navona) is dedicated | |
| 96 – 98 | The reign of Nerva | The Nerva–Antonine dynasty begins |
| 98 – 117 | The reign of Trajan | |
| 103 | The Circus Maximus is rebuilt | |
| 110 | Following a fire the Pantheon is restored | |
| 106 -112 AD | Trajan’s Forum is built by Apollodorus of Damascus | |
| 113 AD | Trajan’s Column is inaugurated to commemorate the Dacian Wars | |
| 117 – 138 AD | The reign of Hadrian | The Pantheon is rebuilt from c. 113-125 AD |
| Hadrian’s mausoleum (the future Castel Sant’Angelo) is begun in c. 130 AD | ||
| 138 – 161 | The reign of Antoninus Pius | Hadrian’s dynastic mausoleum is completed in 139 AD |
| 161/169 | The joint reign of Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius | During the reign of Antoninus Pius the for the Emperor Hadrian |
| 161 – 180 | The reign of Marcus Aurelius | |
| 180 – 192 | The reign of Commodus | The Nerva–Antonine dynasty ends |
| 193 | Pertinace, Didio Giuliano (Civil War) | |
| 193 – 211 | Septimius Severus | The Severan dynasty begins |
| 203 | Arch of Septimius Severus | The Senate had the triumphal arch built in honor of Septimius Severus and his sons Caracalla and Geta |
| 211 – 212 | Caracalla + Geta | Severan dynasty |
| 211/224 | Terme di Caracalla | Caracalla builds the largest thermal complex in the world |
| 217 – 218 | Macrino, Diadumeniano | Severan dynasty |
| 218 – 222 | Eliogabalo | Severan dynasty |
| 222 – 235 | Alessandro Severo | Severan dynasty |
| 235 – 284 | 3rd century crisis (18 emperors) | |
| 268 – 284 | Illyrian emperors (9 emperors) | |
| 284 – 305 | Diocletian + Maximian | Illyrian emperors |
| 305 – 311 | Costanzo Cloro + Galerio | |
| 306 – 313 | Roman civil war (Flavio Severo, Licinio, Massimo Daia) | |
| 306 – 312 | Maxentius | |
| 306 – 337 | Constantine I | Constantinian dynasty |
| 315 | Arch of Constantine | The Senate of Rome had an arch built to celebrate the battle at Ponte Milvio in 312 AD |
| 318 | Constantinian Basilica | The Emperor Constantine begins the construction where St. Peter’s Basilica will rise |
| 337 – 361 | Costantino II + Costanzo II + Costante (Figli di Costantino I) | Constantinian dynasty |
| 349 | Constantinian Basilica | Conclusion of work |
| 361 – 363 | Giuliano | Constantinian dynasty |
| 363 – 364 | Gioviano | |
| 364 – 375 | Valentiniano I | House of Valentinian and Theodosius |
| 364 – 368 | Valente | House of Valentinian and Theodosius |
| 375 – 383 | Graziano | House of Valentinian and Theodosius |
| 375 – 392 | Valentiniano II | House of Valentinian and Theodosius |
| 379 – 395 | Theodosius | House of Valentinian and Theodosius |
| 395 – 423 | Onorio | House of Theodosius |
| 421 | Costanzo III | House of Theodosius |
| 425 – 455 | Valentiniano III | House of Theodosius |
| 455 – 476 | Last emperors (9 emperors) | |
| 549 | Circo Massimo | Last race at the Circus Maximus |
| 1410 | Trevi Fountain | First project |
| 1453 | Trevi Fountain | Pope Nicholas V entrusts the restoration of the fountain to Leon Battista Alberti |
| 1506 | Basilica of St. Peter’s | Start of project construction entrusted to Donato Bramante commissioned by Pope Julius II |
| 1590 | Basilica of St. Peter’s | Giacomo della Porta completes the dome by Michelangelo |
| 1614 | Basilica of St. Peter’s | Facade completion. Architect: Carlo Maderno |
| 1640 | Trevi Fountain | Project by Gian Lorenzo Bernini commissioned by Urban VIII |
| 1732 | Trevi Fountain | Project by Nicola Salvi, under Clement XII |
| 2014 | Trevi Fountain | Restoration of the fountain sponsored by Fendi |
A chronology of Rome: monuments, sites, churches, the emperors and the popes: recensioni e commenti
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